Drone photogrammetry has revolutionized the fields of construction and architecture. This 3D scanning technology, carried out with the aid of a drone, can be used to model and obtain the geometry of a structure with exceptional precision. From structural monitoring to 3D modeling, find out all you need to know. Good technical skills and knowledge of the best photogrammetry software are essential for success in this field.
Definition and principle of photogrammetry
Photogrammetry is a technique that uses photography to extract precise measurements and model objects and environments in three dimensions. Its principle is based on the acquisition of multiple images of the same object or area from different angles, enabling a three-dimensional model to be recreated from the visual data collected.
The principle of photogrammetry
The process begins with the capture of images, which are then analyzed by specialized software. The software detects and compares commonalities between images to estimate the perspective and distance from which each photo was taken. Using this information, they are able to build an accurate 3D model of the object or area in question. This model is often presented in the form of a point cloud, where each point represents a precise position in three-dimensional space.
What is the purpose of photogrammetry?
The applications of photogrammetry are vast and varied. In surveying, it can be used to create precise, detailed maps, essential for urban planning and land management. In architecture and engineering, it helps model buildings for inspections and renovation planning. Photogrammetry is also invaluable in archaeology, where it is used to document sites without physical disturbance, to monitor the evolution and degradation of natural habitats.
Photogrammetry is a powerful tool, enabling us not only to measure and model with great precision, but also to improve the management and preservation of our environment and cultural heritage.
Photogrammetric applications
Here are three of the main applications of photogrammetry, demonstrating its importance and usefulness in different contexts.
The orthomosaic
One of the most common applications of photogrammetry is the creation of orthomosaics. An orthomosaic is a detailed, large-scale map that is generated by assembling multiple aerial photographs that have been corrected for optical distortions, perspective and tilts, producing a perfectly scaled image that can be used as an accurate map. This application is crucial for surveying projects, precision agriculture and urban planning, as it provides an accurate and complete overview of a large area.
Volumetry
Photogrammetry is also used to calculate volumes, an essential practice in many industrial sectors. For example, in the mining and building materials sectors, the ability to accurately measure the volume of stockpiles or quarries is essential for inventory management and cost control. By using 3D models generated by photogrammetry, companies can obtain accurate volume measurements without the need for intrusive methods, offering significant savings in time and resources.
3D modeling
Finally, 3D modeling is another important application of photogrammetry. This technique enables the creation of detailed three-dimensional reproductions of objects, buildings and landscapes. In the field of heritage conservation, for example, 3D photogrammetric modeling aids in the preservation and restoration of historic monuments. And in the entertainment industry, it is used to develop video game environments or film sets that require a high level of detail and realism.
In which sectors is photogrammetry used?
Photogrammetry has applications in a multitude of fields. Here’s a non-exhaustive overview of the main sectors using this revolutionary technology.
Surveying and mapping
Photogrammetry is fundamental in surveying and mapping to create detailed maps and topographic surveys. These data are essential for urban planning, land management and construction, providing a reliable basis for engineering and land development projects.
Construction and architecture
In construction and architecture, photogrammetry is used to survey existing buildings for renovation or restoration. It also helps monitor the progress of construction sites and detect deviations from original plans, ensuring more efficient project management.
Managing natural and environmental resources
Photogrammetry plays a crucial role in environmental management, particularly in monitoring changes in natural habitats, evaluating soil erosion, and tracking deforestation. This information is vital for environmental conservation and natural resource planning.
Archeology ;
Archaeologists use photogrammetry to document sites and discoveries without disturbing physical features. This enables detailed analysis of sites and the creation of accurate replicas of artifacts, thus contributing to the preservation of cultural heritage.
Security and surveillance
Photogrammetry is also applied in the fields of security and surveillance, enabling the reconstruction of road accidents or crime scenes for forensic analysis and documentation. It offers a precise representation that can be crucial to investigations.
In short, photogrammetry is a versatile technology that is permeating many sectors, enhancing traditional methods of measurement and visualization. Its ability to deliver accurate data quickly makes it an invaluable tool for professionals in a variety of industries.
How to do photogrammetry?
Photogrammetry may seem a complex technique, but by following a few clear steps, you can efficiently carry out your own photogrammetry projects. Here are the essential steps to get you started:
Mission planning
- Define the objective of your photogrammetric project.
- Select the area to be mapped or the object to be modeled.
- Plan flight paths or shooting positions for complete, efficient coverage.
Data collection
- Use a drone equipped with a high-quality camera to capture images.
- Make sure images overlap considerably (typically 60-80% vertical and horizontal overlap) for accurate reconstruction.
- For more precise measurements, consider using ground control points (GCP) that you mark and measure in the study area.
Image processing
- Import your images into specialized photogrammetry software.
- The software aligns the images, detects common points and reconstructs the scene in 3D.
- Adjust the parameters as required to optimize the reconstruction.
3D model creation
- Once the images have been processed, the software will generate a point cloud, which can be refined into a 3D model.
- Clean up the model by removing any erroneous points or unwanted artifacts.
- Depending on the project, you can export the model in different formats for analysis or for use in other applications.
Data analysis and use
- Use the 3D model for specific analyses, such as volume calculations, inspections or the creation of topographical maps.
- Integrate data into larger projects, such as simulations, presentations or environmental analyses.
By following these steps, you’ll have the basis for carrying out photogrammetry projects, opening the door to a multitude of practical applications in your field of activity.
Specialized software
Many software packages are available free of charge, but their use is still very limited. Nevertheless, you can find several paid versions at different costs for more or less optimal results. In order to offer you relevant and effective solutions, we have chosen to work with the Pix4D software suite, in particular PiX4Dmapper.
In the world of photogrammetry, PiX4Dmapper is a cutting-edge software package designed to transform images collected by drones into precise maps and detailed 3D models. Used by professionals around the world in fields as diverse as surveying, construction, agriculture and the environment, PiX4Dmapper is an essential tool for anyone seeking detailed, usable analysis of visual data.
PiX4Dmapper key features
PiX4Dmapper excels thanks to its powerful image processing capabilities, enabling users to generate high-quality results with precision:
- Complete automation: Starting from a set of images, PiX4Dmapper automates the process of creating 3D models, orthomosaic maps, point clouds and digital terrain models. This automation makes the software accessible even to photogrammetry novices.
- Accuracy and Quality: The software incorporates optimization tools that refine models for maximum accuracy. Users can also integrate Ground Control Points (GCPs) to increase the geospatial accuracy of projects.
- Flexibility and compatibility: Compatible with almost all drones and cameras, PiX4Dmapper is extremely flexible and can be used in a wide variety of projects and environments. What’s more, it offers options for exporting data in several formats, facilitating integration with other CAD or GIS applications.
PiX4Dmapper is a complete solution that enables users to transform images into precise geospatial information, usable in a wide variety of fields. With its ease of use, extensive compatibility and powerful features, PiX4Dmapper is indispensable for professionals who want to exploit the full potential of modern photogrammetry.
Drone photogrammetry training and courses
Many schools offer training courses in photogrammetry, from software operation to the use of different sensors. But before you commit, make sure that these training centers are credible and recognized. Some criteria to which you must be vigilant to ensure the credibility and quality of the training.
- School recognized as an expert in its field ;
- Accessibility to the latest technologies ;
- Support and field experience ;
- Availability of resources (advisers) once the training is completed ;
- Specialized training program: that responds precisely to your needs ;
- Recognized by public institutions.
Since 2013, DroneXperts has been offering a series of specialized training courses designed for those wishing to master drone photogrammetry, a skill increasingly in demand in a variety of professional sectors. These training courses are designed to offer the in-depth understanding and practical skills needed to succeed in this technical field.
Which professional drone do I need for photogrammetry?
DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise
The DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise is a revolutionary tool for photogrammetry, offering an unrivalled combination of portability, power and precision. Designed to meet the needs of professionals in a variety of sectors, this drone is particularly well-suited to applications requiring high precision and efficiency.
The DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise is equipped with a high-quality camera that captures high-resolution images thanks to its 4/3-inch CMOS sensor, delivering the exceptional image quality essential for accurate, detailed photogrammetric data. In addition to its main camera, the Mavic 3 Enterprise can be configured with additional sensors, such as thermal and multispectral cameras, enabling a wide range of applications beyond simple visual mapping.
With its impressive flight time, this drone can cover vast areas without the need for frequent recharging, which is crucial for large-scale projects. Its extended transmission range also ensures reliable command and control, even from a distance. The in-flight stability of the Mavic 3 Enterprise is enhanced by advanced propulsion systems and optimized flight algorithms, ensuring stable shots even in difficult weather conditions – essential for photogrammetry where image accuracy is paramount.
DJI Matrice 350 RTK
The DJI Matrice 350 RTK embodies excellence in photogrammetry, offering the perfect combination of power, precision and versatility. Designed to meet the most demanding needs of cartography and 3D modeling professionals, this drone pushes the limits of aerial data collection.
At the heart of its outstanding performance lies the RTK (Real-Time Kinematic) system, ensuring centimetric precision in positioning. This advanced technology guarantees remarkably accurate cartographic results, eliminating positioning errors and enabling 3D modeling of unrivalled fidelity.
The DJI Matrice 350 RTK’s on-board camera, combined with exceptional resolution, enables detailed, sharp image capture. The 1-inch CMOS sensor delivers outstanding image quality even in low-light conditions, ensuring reliable results at any time of day. The camera’s versatility enables professionals to adapt to a variety of data collection scenarios, from precision mapping to detailed surveillance.
With extended flight autonomy and the ability to carry multiple payloads simultaneously, the DJI Matrice 350 RTK offers unrivalled flexibility in the field. Professionals can cover large areas without interruption, maximizing data collection efficiency. The unit’s modular design enables the integration of a variety of sensors, adapting the drone to a multitude of professional applications.
Advanced connectivity and intelligent data management make the Matrice 350 RTK a powerful tool for photogrammetry professionals. Real-time data transmission, combined with compatibility with renowned processing software, simplifies workflow, speeding up the process of creating 3D models and topographic maps.
In short, the DJI Matrice 350 RTK is much more than just a drone; it’s an indispensable partner for the most demanding photogrammetry missions. Its combination of precision, power and versatility makes it an essential choice for professionals looking for a reliable, high-performance tool for aerial data collection.
Wingtra Gen ONE II
The Wingtra GEN II One is an exceptionally high-performance drone specially designed to meet the rigorous needs of photogrammetry. Combining innovation and precision, this device redefines aerial data collection standards for mapping and 3D modeling professionals.
At the heart of the Wingtra GEN II One’s performance is its Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) technology, which combines the stability of a fixed-wing aircraft with the flexibility of a vertical take-off. This system ensures seamless transition between flight modes, enabling operations in complex and restricted environments, while maximizing data collection efficiency.
The integrated high-resolution camera delivers photogrammetry results of the highest quality. With its high-performance CMOS sensor, the Wingtra GEN II One captures sharp, detailed images, ensuring maximum precision in the creation of 3D models, topographic maps and orthomosaics. The drone’s ability to cover vast areas quickly and efficiently makes it an ideal choice for large-scale projects.
The extended flight autonomy of the Wingtra GEN II One makes it an exceptionally reliable tool in the field. The long-life battery enables it to cover considerable distances, reducing the need for multiple take-offs for the same mission. What’s more, the modular design facilitates rapid battery replacement, minimizing downtime between flights.
The Wingtra GEN II One’s ease of use is enhanced by its intuitive mission planning and advanced navigation system. Professionals can plan complex missions with just a few clicks, while on-board sensors and advanced navigation systems ensure stable, precise flight, even in difficult weather conditions.
In short, the Wingtra GEN II One represents the culmination of aerial engineering for photogrammetry. Its unique combination of VTOL technology, high-resolution camera and extended flight autonomy make it a must-have choice for demanding professionals looking for a high-performance, reliable and easy-to-use drone for aerial data collection.
Which sensors to choose?
When using a drone for photogrammetry, the choice of sensor is crucial, as it has a direct impact on the quality and accuracy of the data collected. Here are a few sensor options suitable for photogrammetry, each with specific characteristics to meet different project needs.
DJI Zenmuse P1
The DJI Zenmuse P1 is a full-frame photogrammetric sensor specifically designed for mapping and geodetic surveying. It features a 45-megapixel full-frame image sensor offering extremely high resolution, ideal for capturing fine detail over large areas. Compatible with DJI Matrice 350 RTK series drones, it offers seamless integration for advanced operations. It is also capable of rapidly covering large areas with high precision, making it perfect for applications such as topographic mapping, surveying and infrastructure inspection.
Applications
- Detailed mapping of large areas.
- Topographic surveys for urban planning and construction.
- High image resolution for infrastructure inspection.
DJI Zenmuse L2
The DJI Zenmuse L2 combines a LiDAR system with an RGB camera for precise, detailed 3D data acquisition. It incorporates a LiDAR scanner capable of capturing 240,000 measurement points per second with millimetric precision, even in difficult conditions such as through vegetation or in low-light areas. The sensor also features RTK technology for precise georeferencing without the need for ground control points, making it ideal for fast, efficient operations.
Applications
- 3D terrain modeling, including forest areas and hilly terrain.
- 3D mapping for civil engineering projects where topographic accuracy is required.
- Environmental monitoring and natural resource management, where LiDAR data enable precise analysis of terrain and vegetation.
Each of these sensors brings advanced technical capabilities to a variety of photogrammetry needs, enabling you to achieve optimum accuracy and efficiency in your projects.
How can DroneXperts help you with your photogrammetry missions?
We specialize in drone solutions for a variety of applications, including photogrammetry. Here’s how we can help you with your photogrammetry missions, whether you’re a professional looking to integrate this technology, or a company requiring precision surveying for specific projects.
Consulting and project planning
We offer consulting services to help assess your photogrammetry needs and determine the most appropriate solutions. We help you plan your projects, taking into account specific objectives, site conditions and regulatory requirements. This step ensures that all variables are taken into account to maximize efficiency and project success.
Supply of drones and specialized sensors
We have a wide range of drones and sensors suitable for photogrammetry. Whether you need a high-resolution RGB sensor for detailed mapping, a LiDAR system for precise topographic measurements, or other specialized technologies, we can supply the equipment you need. We can also advise you on the best drone and sensor configuration for your specific application.
Training and certification
We also offer specialized training courses to help you master photogrammetry technology. These courses cover both the theoretical aspects of photogrammetry and the practical skills needed to operate drones and process the data collected.
Technical support and maintenance
The company provides comprehensive technical support, helping to resolve any operational problems and keep equipment in good condition. This service is crucial in minimizing downtime and ensuring that drones and sensors operate at peak performance on every mission.
Data processing and analysis
In addition to data collection, we can also assist in the processing and analysis of photogrammetric data, using state-of-the-art software to transform captured images into accurate 3D models, maps, or other data products required for your project.
Customized solutions
Recognizing that every project is unique, we tailor solutions to the specific needs of each customer. We work closely with you to develop solutions that meet your exact expectations and project requirements.
In short, we can support you at every stage of your photogrammetry projects, from planning and equipment supply to training, technical support and data processing. With our expertise, you can maximize the efficiency of your photogrammetry operations and achieve high-quality results.